Richard 1 was the ruler of England from 1189 and until his death in April 1199. The nickname "The Lionheart" was given to him because of his reputation as a great military leader. He had taken control of his own army at the age of 16 and he was a central commander during the third Crusade. Richard 1 was born in England, but spent most of his adult life in France, even after becoming the King. He regarded his kingdom over England mainly as a source for revenue to support his armies. None the less, he was considered a hero by many of his English subjects.
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